There are many different kinds and types of turquoise here in the U.S., where most of it is mined in the southwest - Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico and Nevada. And, there are several Native American Indian tribes that use it in their silver jewelry making - Navajo, Zuni, and Hopi Indians are the masters of turquoise and silver jewelry making. They learned their silversmithing skills from the Mexican Indian tribes when they traded their sheep and cattle for silversmithing instructions. Today, our Native American Indians are making beautiful silver jewelry encrusted with beautiful turqoise gems, that they have learned how to make from generations ago.
Turquoise is an opaque, blue to green mineral that is hydrous pohosphate of copper and aluminum. Its chemica formula is CUAle(PO4)4(OH)8 * 4H2O. The word turquoise comes from Old French in the 16th century and it means "Turkish" because the mineral was first brought to Europe from Turkey but came originally from the turquoise mines in Persia, which is modern day Iran. Turquoise is also mined in China and the turquoise from both these places is very popular in jewely today. I just happen to prefer the turquoise jewelry made by Native American Indians, although I have worn Chinese turquoise also.
The color of turquoise varies from white to powder blue, to sky blue and from blue-green to a yellowish green. Blue is attributed to idiochromatic copper and the green is believed to be the result of iron impurities or dehydration of the gem. Turquoise may be peppered with flecks of pyrite or interspersed with dark, spidery limonite veining.
Turquoise is a secondary mineral coming originally from copper. Copper comes from chalcopyrite, malachite or azurite. Aluminum comes from feldspar and phosphorus comes from apatite. Therefore, turquoise comes from a little bit of all these minerals to make up its substance. Climate also plays an important role in forming the turquoise gem as it is usually found in arid regions, filling or encrusting cavities and fractures in highly altered volcanic rock. Turquoise occurs as a vein or seam fillings and as compact nuggets mostly small in size.
Turquoise was one of the first gems to be mined here in the U.S. Many historic U.S. mines have been depleted already, but some are still worked today. Usually they are still worked by hand with no mechanization today. Often turquoise is found as a byproduct of large copper mining operations in the U.S.
Today, Arizona is the most important producer of the turquoise gem by value. Several important turquoise producing mines in the state are Sleepiing Beauty Mine in Globe, Arizona and Kingman Mine in Kingman, Arizona. Nevada is another state that is a major producer of turquoise. There are approximately 120 mines which have produced significant quantities of turquoise. The chief producers of turquoise in Nevada are Lander and Esmeralda counties.
Navajo Squash Blossom NecklaceSource: Wikipedia See all 5 photos Bolo tie. Silver overlay by Navajo silversmith, Tommy Singer, ca. 1980"s.Source: Wikipedia Do you wear Native American Jewelery?
Yes, and I love it!

No, but I would like to.

No, not my style.
See results without votingNative American Indians and Turquoise Jewelry MakingToday, Native American Jewelry making, using the turquoise gem, is defined as the personal adornment and accessories made by the indiginous people of the U.S. The silver and turquoise jewelry reflects the cultural diversity and history of the Native American Indian Tribes here in the U.S. It remains, even today, a major statement of tribal and individual identity to the Indian silversmithers. Metalsmiths, beaders, carvers, and lapidaries combine a variety of metals, precious and semi-precious gemstones and other materials to create jewelry. Contemporary Native American jewelry can be made from hand-quarried and processed stones and shells to computer-fabricated and titanium jewelry. I prefer the hand-quarried and hand-made turquoise and silver pieces made by the Navajo, Hopi and Zuni Indian tribes who reside in the southwest U.S.
Silversmithing and silver working was adopted by native southwestern artists beginning in the 1850's when Mexican silversmiths had to trade their silverwork knowledge for cattle from the Navajo Indians in the U.S. The Zuni Indians learned silvermaking from the Navajo and by 1890 the Zuni had taught the Hopi how to make silver jewelry.
The Dine` people or the Navajo began working silver in the 19th century. In l853, Atsidi Sani was the first Navajo silversmith and learned his skills from a Mexican silversmith and in 1880 the first turquoise was known to be set in silvers. As time moved on, turquoise became more readily available and used in the Navajo silver jewelry. Today, turquoise is closely associated with Navajo silver jewelry making.
Silver jewelry making was introduced to the Zuni Pueblo Indians in the 19th century. Today, silversmithing and turquoise in jewelry making as always been in use in the Zuni region. They use turquoise as well as jet, argillite, steatite, red shale, freshwater clam shell, abalone and spiny oyster in their jewelry making. Kineshde, a Zuni silversmith in the late 1890's is given credit for first combining silver and turquoise in his jewelry. Zuni jewelers soon became known for their turquoise clusterwork.
The Hopi Indian silversmiths are known today for their overlay technique used in silver jewelry designs. WWII Hopi indian veterans, through the U.S. Department of Interior, learned cutting, grinding and polishing, die-stamping and sand casting of stylized Hopi designs for jewelry. Victor Coochwytewa, is noted as the most innovative jeweler for adapting the overlay technique to Hopi jewelry. Coochwytewa, along with Paul Saufkie and Fred Kabotie, organized the original Hopi Silvercraft Cooperative Guild within their Hopi Indian Tribe.
Overlay is constructed with two layers of silver sheets. One sheet has the design etched on it and then it is welded onto the second sheet with cut out designs. The background is made darker through oxidation and the top layer is polished where the bottom layer of silver is allowed to oxidize. The un-oxidized top layer is made into a cut-out design, which allows the dark bottom layer to show through. I am so fortunate to have a silver Hopi cuff bracelet made of this silver overlay and it is beautiful Hopi Indian craftsmanship.
Surprisingly, except for my trip to Colorado in my early 20's, I have not traveled to the southwest in search of Native American jewelry. I am fortunate to have a great authentic Native American Indian Jewelry store right here in Naples. FL. The last several pieces I have bought have been from this Naples store, so I haven't had to go far for the real deal. The gallery manager, Lisa Milburn, is a reputable buyer of southwest native Navajo, Hopi, and Zuni jewelry pieces, and brings it to us here in Naples. She has another store in Highlands, NC, as well. If interested, you can contact her at:
Silver Eagle
651 Fifth Ave. South
Naples, FL
239-403-3033
or
Silver Eagle
PO Box 422
468 Main St.
Highlands, NC 28741
828-526-5190


I know that over the years, Native American Indians have gotten a "bad rap" and have been disenfranchised over gambling casinos and alcohol and drug problems. But, in the area of silversmithing and turquoise jewelry making, Native American Indians are artistic masters. They have spent many hours learning and honing their trade. And, Native American Indians are renouned for their beautiful and creative jewelry making. Their jewelry making represents the best of them, their culture and the great heights our Native American Indians can achieve. They are to be commended for their creativity, originality and painstakingly hours upon hours it takes to make their lovely creations. I hope you will enjoy turquoise and silver jewelry as much as I have, and at the same time, have a beautiful keepsake made by our native countrymen.
The links below can help you get started on obtaining information and on starting to buy your own turquoise and silver jewelry crafted by Native American Indians.
See all 5 photos Fritz Caruse, Navajo indian jeweler, Santa Fe, New MexicoSource: Wikipedia Turquoise Jewelry
Native American Jewelry - EAGLE ROCK TRADING POST
Offering Native American Indian jewelry along with Southwest, silver, and turquoise jewelry. Vintage Old Pawn and contemporary 70 s to present rings, earrings, bracelets, necklaces, watchbands, and belt buckles.

Native American Jewelry | Turquoise Jewelry | SilverTribe
Native American jewelry and Turquoise jewelry at wholesale prices to the public, SilverTribe offer the largest selection online. Our turquoise jewelry sales range from standard American jewelry to unique Native American jewelry designs.

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Home - New Mexico Creates - Stunning Art Work by New Mexico Artists
Shop for hundreds of items by New Mexico artists featuring handcrafted jewelry, art work sculptures, ceramics, handmade pottery, art glass, metal arts, weaving arts, Native American art work and more. Produced by the Museum of New Mexico Foundation

Tommy Singer
Retail and wholesale distributor for Tommy Singer Jewelry, the Navajo Master Native American jewelry maker!
More on Turquoise JewelryIndian Jewelry Making: Volume I Buy Now Turquoise Jewelry Pieces

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Although few people can afford to buy Cartier jewelry or watches, to simply behold the beauty of these creations holds a fascination for many. Cartier jewelry evokes pleasure for people.
Cartier is sold through its 200 boutiques, located in 125 countries. The headquarters has always been in Paris. Cartier is known as: "The Jeweler to Kings; the King of the Jewelers."

Cartier is the top name in the world for exquisite jewelry. Cartier watches, engagement rings, bracelets, glasses, and cigarette lighters are among the favorite possessions of the well-to-do.
Cartier has received royal warrants to supply royal jewels-including crowns-to England, Spain, Portugal, Russia, Siam (Thailand), Greece, Serbia, Belgium, Romania, Egypt, Albania, and Monaco.

Cartier creates art in jewelry. The company has an interesting history, which dates back to 1847. There is no name in the world that carries the same panache as Cartier.
See all 27 photos CARTIER JEWELRY See all 27 photos CARTIER HOPE DIAMOND A BRIEF HISTORY OF CARTIERCartier was founded in 1847 by a Paris jeweler-Louis-Francois Cartier (1819-1904). His son Alfred Cartier (1841-1925) took over the firm in 1874. And Alfred's three sons-Louis, Pierre, and Jacques-are the men who made Cartier a world famous name in jewelry and watches.

Louis Cartier remained in Paris to run the company. He became the designer who created the Cartier style we know today-Art Deco; ornate but simple. Jacques Cartier opened and managed the store in London; while Pierre Cartier did the same in New York.
Louis Cartier was perhaps the first jeweler to use platinum. He was an extremely rare combination: a gifted artist and a shrewd businessman.

Cartier moved into its current headquarters in Paris in 1899. It opened the London store in 1902, and the New York store in 1909. These three cities continue to host the flagship stores of Cartier.
The Cartier family of jewelers relinquished control of the business after Pierre died in 1964. He was preceded in death by his brothers, Louis and Jacques, both of whom passed on in 1942.

See all 27 photos CARTIER LADIES GOLD WATCH WITH DIAMONDS See all 27 photos CARTIER WATCH CARTIER WATCHESCartier created the first ladies bracelet watch in 1888. In 1904, Cartier created the first men's wrist watch-the "Santos."
The company achieved further fame in 1912 with the introduction of the "mystery clock." This is a clock with no obvious connection between the hands and the mechanism.

In 1913, Cartier unveiled the famed Bagnoire design of ladies watches, which are still produced today. They are of a soft and feminine design; meant to mark the peaceful passing of time.
That same year, the Cartier Tortue watch for ladies debuted. It is a more sensual style. A version for men came out in 1928. These original designs by Louis Cartier are still in great demand today.

Perhaps the most successful of the Cartier watches is the "Tank." The Cartier Tank appeared on the stage in 1917, named in honor of allied tank commanders fighting World War One. The proportions, lines, and colors are meant to represent the Peugeot tanks used by France in that conflict.

The Baguette Watch was created in 1926. This is a bejeweled miniature watch, known for its "baguette" cut-a narrow rectangle with a flat top.

See all 27 photos CARTIER TANK WATCH See all 27 photos CARTIER WATCH See all 27 photos CARTIER GOLD WATCH WITH DIAMONDS See all 27 photos CARTIER TRINITY BRACELET See all 27 photos CARTIER TRINITY RING CARTIER JEWELRY In 1895, the Cartier Oval Solitaire engagement ring was unveiled.
This has remained a staple in the Cartier lineup and has been copied by every jeweler on the planet since.

Cartier sold the "Blue" Hope Diamond to an American socialite in 1910. The Hope Diamond was long thought to be cursed. Its history can be definitely traced back to 17th Century France. Today, it is housed at the Smithsonian Museum in Washington, D.C.
The Cartier Trinity Ring and Trinity Bracelet came on the scene in 1924. They are named "trinity" for the three colors of gold used in their design.

In the 1920s, Cartier produced an exotic style of jewelry called "Tutti Frutti." These pieces of art featured gemstones from India-rubies, emeralds, sapphires, and diamonds-arranged in flamboyant splendor, which satisfied a certain fascination with the East prevalent at that time.

In 1955, Cartier designed a coral necklace for Maria Felix. It is made from carved coral set in platinum with emerald, onyx and white coral beads.

See all 27 photos CARTIER OVAL SOLITAIRE 1895 ENGAGEMENT RING See all 27 photos CARTIER WEDDING BAND See all 27 photos CARTIER TUTTI FRUTTI NECKLACE See all 27 photos CARTIER "MARIA FELIX" CORAL NECKLACE See all 27 photos CARTIER ASTRO LOVE RING See all 27 photos CARTIER INDIA RING POPULAR CARTIER ITEMS TODAY Among popular products produced by Cartier are the Cartier Astro Love Ring, which opens up into a globe.

The Cartier India Ring features engraved onyx surrounded by diamonds.
The Cartier Panther Ring is a tribute to the wild nature and beauty of that animal.
Cartier Charm Bracelet: mounted in platinum and 18K white gold, the 11 charms include diamonds, emeralds, rubies and sapphires.
Men's Cartier Diamond Rings are prized for their hand crafted perfection.

Cartier leather bracelets, made with brown or black leather and titanium steel.
Cartier pink Sapphire and Diamond bracelets are particularly beautiful and highly sought after.
Cartier Diamond Platinum Bracelets, oft times have a total diamond weight of 10 cts.
Cartier ladies gold watches with diamonds, which sometimes feature as many as 71 diamonds set in yellow gold.

Cartier Asscher Rings, has the distinctive asscher cut, a square similar to an emerald cut.
Cartier Pasha ladies watches have proven to be quite popular over the years.
See all 27 photos CARTIER PANTHER RING See all 27 photos MENS CARTIER DIAMOND RING See all 27 photos CARTIER ASSCHER RING See all 27 photos CARTIER CHARM BRACELET See all 27 photos CARTIER LEATHER BRACELET See all 27 photos CARTIER PINK SAPPHIRE DIAMOND BRACELET See all 27 photos CARTIER DIAMOND BRACELET See all 27 photos CARTIER DIAMOND BRACELET See all 27 photos CARTIER PLATINUM AND DIAMOND SAPPHIRE BRACELET See all 27 photos CARTIER EYE GLASSES See all 27 photos CARTIER CIGARETTE LIGHTERS CARTIER ACCESSORIESNo doubt, watches are the main focus of Cartier, with jewelry a close second.

Everything Cartier does, it does well.
In the 1980s, Cartier began to market accessories, e.g., cigarette lighters, pens, wallets, cuff links, key rings, eye glasses, sunglasses, scarves, desk items, and perfumes-elegant things at modest prices. This astute move brought products with the famous Cartier brand name within the reach of middle class consumers for the first time.

OTHER HUBS BY THIS AUTHOR ABOUT FASHION INCLUDE:
VITALIANO DESIGNER MENS NECKTIES
FERRAGAMO
BRIONI SUITS FOR MEN
See all 27 photos CARTIER LIGHTER Amazing Cartier: Jewelry Design since 1937 Buy Now Cartier and America Buy Now Cartier: Innovation Through the 20th Century Buy Now

There are a number of other foods with protein that you can eat, including eggs, dairy products, beans and tofu. Try making some meals from the recipes in diabetic cookbooks.

Almonds are a great way to keep your sugar levels stabilized if you need a little snack. You will get plenty of fibers and proteins from unsalted almonds. Stash some by your TV for a healthy snack while you're watching your favorite show!

To make a salad even healthier, add walnuts! They are a source of monounsaturated fats. These increase your cells' receptivity to insulin, thus controlling your diabetes. In addition, they contain omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, giving you an e